The CSN, or free swelling index (FSI), is widely used to give an indiion of the suitability of a particular coal for metallurgical coke production. The CSN is determined by comparing the shape of a coke button produced when a piece of coal has been heated to 820oC in a covered crucible for several minutes against some standard profiles.

C. C/gal: Cents per gallon C 4 H: A mixture of light hydrocarbons that have the general formula C 4 H n, where n is the number of hydrogen atoms per include butane (C 4 H 10) and butylene (C 4 H 8).. CAFE: Corporate Average Fuel Economy Calcination: A process in which a material is heated to a high temperature without fusing, so that hydrates, carbonates, or other compounds ...

ASTM's petroleum standards are instrumental in the evaluation and assessment of the physical, mechanical, rheological, thermal, and chemical properties of crude oils, lubriing grease, automobile and aviation gasoline, hydrocarbons, and other naturally occurring energy resources used for various industrial appliions.